Insurance stocks

W. R. Berkley Corporation functions as an insurance holding company, primarily underwriting commercial policies across the United States and globally. Its extensive operations are divided into two principal divisions: Insurance, and Reinsurance & Monoline Excess. The Insurance segment delivers a wide spectrum of commercial insurance solutions. This includes foundational coverages such as general liability, property, commercial auto, and professional liability, alongside specialized offerings like workers' compensation, environmental policies for diverse businesses, directors and officers (D&O) liability, cyber risk protection, and niche policies for fine arts and jewelry. The segment also extends to personal lines, providing home and automobile insurance, and specialized liability products for sectors such as law enforcement and public officials. Additionally, it offers accident and health insurance, group life, and crime and fidelity products, coupled with risk management and alternative risk program services. The Reinsurance & Monoline Excess segment focuses on assisting other insurance carriers and self-insured entities in effectively managing their overall risk exposure. This is accomplished through both treaty reinsurance, which handles portfolios of policies, and facultative reinsurance, designed for individual risks. Founded in 1967, W. R. Berkley Corporation is headquartered in Greenwich, Connecticut.

Kinsale is a licensed insurance provider that underwrites specialty P&C lines and carries underwriting risk on its balance sheet.

Kinsale Capital Group, Inc. engages in the provision of property and casualty insurance products in the United States. The company’s commercial lines offerings include commercial property, excess casualty, general casualty, small business casualty, construction, allied health, small business property, products liability, entertainment, commercial auto, energy, excess professional, life sciences, inland marine, professional liability, environmental, health care, management liability, public entity, agribusiness casualty and property, aviation, ocean marine, and product recall insurance. Its personal lines offerings also include high value homeowners and personal insurance products. The company sells its insurance products in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands primarily through a network of independent insurance brokers. Kinsale Capital Group, Inc. was founded in 2009 and is headquartered in Richmond, Virginia.

Arch Capital Group Ltd., together with its subsidiaries, provides insurance, reinsurance, and mortgage insurance products in the United States, Canada, Bermuda, the United Kingdom, Europe, and Australia. The company operates through three segments: Insurance, Reinsurance, and Mortgage. The Insurance segment offers commercial automobile; commercial multiperil; financial and professional line liability; admitted, excess, and surplus casualty lines; property and short-tail specialty; workers compensation; and casualty insurance. Its Reinsurance segment provides reinsurance products for casualty; marine and aviation; property catastrophe; property excluding property catastrophe; and other specialty products. The Mortgage segment offers U.S. primary mortgage insurance business written predominantly on loans sold to the Federal National Mortgage Association and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation; reinsurance and underwriting services related to the U.S. credit-risk transfer business and other U.S. mortgage reinsurance transactions; and international mortgage insurance and reinsurance business covering loans. It markets its products through a group of licensed independent retail and wholesale brokers. The company was formerly known as Risk Capital Holdings, Inc. Arch Capital Group Ltd. was founded in 1995 and is headquartered in Pembroke, Bermuda.

AIG is a primary global insurer that writes property and casualty coverage and carries risk on its balance sheet.

AIG’s relevant role is multi-line underwriting and claims exposure across cyber, technology E&O, D&O, and general liability.

The Travelers Companies, Inc., through its network of subsidiaries, delivers a broad spectrum of commercial and personal property and casualty insurance products and services. These offerings cater to businesses, government entities, associations, and individual clients both within the United States and internationally. The company's operations are divided into three primary segments: Business Insurance, Bond & Specialty Insurance, and Personal Insurance. The Business Insurance segment provides a comprehensive portfolio of commercial coverages, ranging from foundational offerings like workers' compensation, commercial auto, property, general liability, multi-peril, and employers' liability, to more specialized policies. These specialized offerings include public and product liability, professional indemnity, marine, aviation, onshore and offshore energy, construction, terrorism, personal accident, and even kidnap and ransom insurance. This segment serves a diverse clientele, from small and mid-sized enterprises to large corporations, and also focuses on sectors like commercial trucking and agriculture. Its products are distributed through a robust network of independent brokers, wholesale agents, and program managers. The Bond & Specialty Insurance segment focuses on providing surety and fidelity bonds, as well as management and professional liability insurance. Additionally, it offers other property and casualty coverages paired with crucial risk management services. Distribution for this segment is handled via independent agencies and brokers. Lastly, the Personal Insurance segment addresses individual needs by offering property and casualty insurance for personal risks. Its primary focus areas are automobile and homeowners insurance, which are also made available to consumers through independent agencies and brokers. Founded in 1853, The Travelers Companies, Inc. maintains its headquarters in New York, New York.

The Progressive Corporation, an insurance holding company, offers a comprehensive range of insurance products and associated services across the United States. Its portfolio includes personal and commercial vehicle coverage, residential and commercial property protection, general liability, and various other specialized property-casualty insurance options. The company's operations are structured into three main divisions: Personal Lines, Commercial Lines, and Property. Within the Personal Lines segment, Progressive provides coverage for individual automobiles and recreational vehicles. Offerings range from standard personal auto policies to specialized options for motorcycles, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), RVs, watercraft, snowmobiles, and similar forms of personal transport. The Commercial Lines division focuses on providing primary liability and physical damage insurance for business vehicles, alongside general liability and property insurance tailored for commercial applications. This segment insures a diverse array of vehicles, including cars, vans, pickup trucks, and dump trucks for small businesses; tractors, trailers, and straight trucks for regional freight, expedited shipping, and long-haul transport companies; heavy-duty vehicles like dump trucks, log trucks, and garbage trucks used in industries such as construction, logging, and mining; and tow trucks and wreckers for towing and service stations, as well as various non-fleet taxis and premium car services. The Property segment offers residential insurance solutions for homeowners, other property owners, and renters. Its portfolio further extends to include personal umbrella policies and both primary and excess flood insurance. Beyond underwriting, the company facilitates policy issuance and claims adjusting. It also serves as an agent for various additional insurance products, such as homeowner general liability and workers' compensation, and provides reinsurance services. Progressive's products are distributed through independent insurance agencies, as well as directly to consumers via its online platforms (including mobile access) and telephone channels. Established in 1937, The Progressive Corporation maintains its headquarters in Mayfield, Ohio.

Münchener Rückversicherungs-Gesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft in München engages in the insurance and reinsurance businesses worldwide. The company operates through six segments: Life and Health Reinsurance, Property-Casualty Reinsurance, Global Specialty Insurance, ERGO Life and Health Germany, ERGO Property-Casualty Germany, and ERGO International. The company offers life and health reinsurance solutions, such as digital underwriting and advanced analytics solutions, health insurance management system, financial market risks, financing, portfolio risk management, digitalized investment-linked solution, data analytics, underwriting and claims, medical research, capital management, and health market, as well as MIRA digital suite that includes MIRA PoS, MIRApply insured and physician, claims risk assessment, and CLARA plus. It also provides property and casualty reinsurance solutions, including agricultural reinsurance; business advisory, personal lines, portfolio management, insurance consulting, commercial motor consulting; infrastructure risk; property insurance, location risk, insurance linked securities, and NatCatSERVICE for natural catastrophe loss database; prospective structured and retroactive reinsurance; risk transfer; cyber; and data analytics, REALYTIX ZERO, and cert2go. In addition, the company offers solutions for industry clients, such as corporate risk, new tech, green tech, parametric, and aviation and space solutions, as well as risk services. Further, it provides specialty property casualty insurance, such as professional liability, marine, cyber, aviation, and space for commercial and private customers. Additionally, the company offers life, property-casualty, health, legal protection, and travel insurance products under the ERGO brand; and insurance solutions for agriculture, captive, epidemic, cyber, and renewable energy sectors. The company was founded in 1880 and is based in Munich, Germany.

RenaissanceRe Holdings Ltd., together with its subsidiaries, provides reinsurance and insurance products in the United States and internationally. The company operates through Property, and Casualty and Specialty segments. The Property segment writes property catastrophe excess of loss reinsurance contracts to insure insurance and reinsurance companies against natural and man-made catastrophes, including hurricanes, earthquakes, typhoons, and tsunamis, as well as winter storms, freezes, floods, fires, windstorms, tornadoes, explosions, and acts of terrorism; and other property class of products, such as proportional reinsurance, property per risk, property reinsurance, binding facilities, and regional U.S. multi-line reinsurance. The Casualty and Specialty segment writes various classes of products, such as directors and officers, medical malpractice, transactional liability, and professional indemnity; automobile and employer’s liability, casualty clash, umbrella or excess casualty, workers’ compensation, and general liability; financial and mortgage guaranty, political risk, surety, and trade credit; and accident and health, agriculture, aviation, construction, cyber, energy, marine, satellite, and terrorism. The company distributes products and services primarily through intermediaries. It invests in and manages funds. RenaissanceRe Holdings Ltd. was incorporated in 1993 and is headquartered in Pembroke, Bermuda.

Reinsurance Group of America, Inc. (RGA) primarily operates within the reinsurance sector. The company delivers a comprehensive portfolio of life and health reinsurance products, spanning both individual and group coverages. These include diverse life insurance options such as term, credit, universal, whole, and joint/last survivor policies, in addition to critical illness, disability, and longevity products. RGA also offers specialized asset-intensive and financial reinsurance, alongside other solutions focused on capital optimization. It further assists clients in managing risks associated with mortality, morbidity, policy lapses, and investment performance. Beyond its core reinsurance offerings, RGA is involved in developing and commercializing technology solutions, and provides expert consulting and outsourcing services to both the insurance and reinsurance industries. Its clientele comprises life insurance companies across a broad international footprint, including the United States, Latin America, Canada, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Australia, and the Asia Pacific. Established in 1973, Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated is headquartered in Chesterfield, Missouri.

Swiss Re AG, along with its affiliated entities, operates internationally as a prominent provider of diverse risk management solutions. Its offerings extend to wholesale reinsurance, direct insurance products, various forms of insurance-based risk transfer, and associated services. The company's extensive operations are primarily channeled through three key business divisions: Property & Casualty Reinsurance, Life & Health Reinsurance, and Corporate Solutions. Specifically, the Property & Casualty Reinsurance unit undertakes the underwriting of a comprehensive array of risks. This includes property-related coverages like general property, credit and surety, engineering, aviation, marine, agriculture, retakaful, and facultative solutions. It also encompasses casualty reinsurance for areas such as general liability, motor vehicle, workers' compensation, personal accident, management and professional liability, and cyber threats, alongside facultative options. The Life & Health Reinsurance segment specializes in underwriting solutions for both life and health insurance portfolios. The Corporate Solutions division provides tailored risk transfer products, ranging from standardized covers and multi-line programs to highly customized insurance solutions for businesses. Its extensive client base spans various sectors, including stock and mutual insurance carriers, government and public bodies, medium to large enterprises, and private individuals. Established in 1863, the company maintains its headquarters in Zurich, Switzerland.

Hannover Rück SE, along with its group entities, offers a broad spectrum of reinsurance products and services worldwide. Operations are structured around two principal segments: Property & Casualty Reinsurance, and Life & Health Reinsurance. Within Property & Casualty Reinsurance, its offerings span traditional property and casualty coverage, facultative arrangements, extensive catastrophe excess-of-loss protection, custom-tailored structured reinsurance, and innovative insurance-linked securities. The company further specializes in risk solutions for agriculture, livestock, bloodstock, aviation, space, marine, and offshore energy industries, in addition to providing coverage for credit, surety, and political risks. Its Life & Health Reinsurance segment encompasses a range of products including group and individual credit life, enhanced annuities, collective life and health schemes, and Takaful reinsurance. It also engineers risk solutions addressing critical illness, disability, general health, longevity, long-term care, mortality, and morbidity. Beyond its core reinsurance activities, the firm delivers diverse financial solutions, such as financing new business ventures, monetizing embedded value, providing reserve and solvency relief, and assisting with the divestiture of non-core operations. Founded in 1966, the company maintains its headquarters in Hanover, Germany. It was formerly known as Hannover Rückversicherung AG before rebranding to Hannover Rück SE in March 2013. Hannover Rück SE functions as a subsidiary of Talanx AG.

SCOR SE is a prominent global player specializing in life and property & casualty (P&C) reinsurance. The company extends its comprehensive coverage to diverse markets spanning Europe, the Middle East, Africa, the Americas (including Latin America), and the Asia Pacific region. Its business is strategically organized into two distinct segments: SCOR Global P&C and SCOR Global Life. The SCOR Global P&C division delivers an extensive range of reinsurance products for areas such as property damage, motor vehicle incidents, casualty treaties, credit and surety, decennial insurance, aviation, marine and energy, engineering projects, agricultural risks, and major property catastrophes. This segment further provides specialty coverage for complex risks including business solutions, political and credit exposures, cyber threats, and environmental impairment liability, alongside fostering business ventures and partnerships. Conversely, the SCOR Global Life segment focuses on providing life reinsurance protection for a variety of risks, including mortality, morbidity, behavioral factors, disability, long-term care, critical illnesses, medical expenses, and personal accidents. It also offers sophisticated financial solutions that integrate traditional life reinsurance with financial elements, aimed at improving clients' liquidity, balance sheet stability, solvency positions, and overall income. Additionally, this segment develops longevity solutions, designed to mitigate the financial impact on insurers or pension funds arising from insured individuals or annuitants living longer than actuarially anticipated. Distribution solutions are also a key offering. Beyond its core reinsurance operations, SCOR SE is actively involved in asset management. Established in 1970, the company is proudly headquartered in Paris, France.

Greenlight Capital Re, Ltd., through its subsidiaries, operates as a property and casualty reinsurance company worldwide. It operates through Open Market and Innovations segments. The company offers casualty reinsurance, such as automobile liability and general liability. It also provides coverages for casualty, including general liability, umbrella, multiline casualty, and workers’ compensation; financial, such as mortgage, trade credit, surety, transactional liability, and financial multiline; health, which include primarily accident and critical illness; multiline comprising FAL business, coupled with multiline commercial and personal auto liability, BOP, and multiline commercial; property, including commercial property and property catastrophe; and specialty products and services, such as agriculture, cyber, marine and energy, aviation and space, specialty multiline, and WPVT which covers losses relating to war, political violence, and terrorism. The company markets its products through reinsurance brokers. Greenlight Capital Re, Ltd. was incorporated in 2004 and is headquartered in Grand Cayman, the Cayman Islands.

Oxbridge Re Holdings Limited, through its subsidiaries, provides specialty property and casualty reinsurance solutions. The company underwrites collateralized reinsurance contracts primarily for property and casualty insurance companies in the Gulf Coast region of the United States. It also issues reinsurance contracts through digital securities by blockchain technology. In addition, the company offers fractional aircraft ownership, jet card, aircraft brokerage, and charter service through its fleet of private aircraft. It distributes its products and solutions through reinsurance brokers. Oxbridge Re Holdings Limited was incorporated in 2013 and is headquartered in George Town, the Cayman Islands.

The policy would create a large new pool of Thai catastrophe risk requiring domestic risk aggregation, pricing, and reinsurance coordination. Thai Reinsurance is explicitly identified as an institution that should work with the OIC on parametric insurance, while the proposed fund is expected to purchase reinsurance and transfer much of the risk above primary-insurer retention. This creates a direct opportunity for reinsurance premium and structuring revenue, with offsetting catastrophe-loss exposure.

China Re receives direct new capital, improving its capacity to retain and underwrite reinsurance risks, including marine and catastrophe exposures.

Palomar is identified as a P&C insurer whose relevant pathway is direct specialty and catastrophe underwriting rather than an intermediary role.

HCI is identified as a catastrophe-exposed insurance carrier, so the evidenced pathway is direct underwriting and catastrophe-loss exposure.

Star Health is explicitly identified as a standalone health insurer, the category facing differentiated health first-sale, renewal, and portability commission limits.

The Hartford is a broker-distributed insurer whose economics can be affected by concentrated intermediary bargaining power.

CNA’s professional-liability and specialty-commercial products are typically distributed through commercial brokers, exposing it to changes in broker access and terms.

IAG has direct underwriting exposure: premium revenue is being supported by pricing, but natural-disaster losses, repair-cost inflation and claims can reduce underwriting profit.

QBE is an Australian general insurer exposed to the same premium, claims and distribution economics underpinning Steadfast’s FY27 outlook. Premium growth can increase written revenue, but broker commissions, claims inflation and catastrophe costs can offset the benefit and a larger broker network may increase distribution bargaining power.

AXA’s property and casualty operations can incur French commercial and property claims, while its fixed-income portfolio adds a separate fiscal channel.

AXA has an evidenced role as a lead reinsurer of Central American earthquake-risk pools, creating contingent event exposure as damage assessments expand.

ICICI Lombard has evidenced general-insurance and health-insurance exposure, where the proposal directly changes commission and expense limits, but commissions are less central than for a pure intermediary or life-distribution model.

PICC can capture specialized motor, product-liability, cyber, and autonomous-vehicle coverage demand, although OEM self-insurance may limit the net revenue opportunity.

Al Rajhi Takaful’s motor, health, protection, and general-insurance product range provides meaningful replacement capacity for displaced UCA business.

Bupa Arabia could receive displaced individual and health-related demand from UCA’s all-products suspension. The opportunity is narrower than for diversified insurers because Bupa Arabia’s documented focus is health insurance and corporate medical benefits, but the new order expressly includes policies offered to individuals.

Tawuniya could capture displaced Saudi insurance premiums, renewals, and broker referrals as UCA cannot issue or renew policies. Tawuniya is a large listed carrier with documented exposure to health, motor, property and casualty, and protection products, giving it broad capacity to absorb business from UCA’s all-products suspension.

Walaa has only an indirect reinsurance-capacity pathway because it is listed as an insurer, not as the domestic reinsurer receiving UCA-related cessions.

United Fire Group is a mid-sized regional property and casualty carrier operating across several non-New England markets.

Safety is highly concentrated, operating mainly in Massachusetts with single-digit outstate premium presence in NH and ME.

As a primary carrier, Hanover benefits significantly from risk-adjusted rate reductions on its property and catastrophe reinsurance programs.

Hanover is predominantly a primary admitted property and casualty carrier with lower specialty E&S underwriting focus.

Built specifically to bypass traditional human brokers through a direct-to-consumer AI interface.

Saudi Re is primarily a domestic reinsurer rather than a retail or commercial broker-distributed insurer; its relevant exposure is indirect through reinsurance placements arranged by brokers.

Saudi Re could benefit if Gulf General’s recapitalization and BlueFive’s stated GCC consolidation strategy increase demand for domestic reinsurance capacity. Saudi rules require local insurers to offer 30% of reinsurance cessions to domestic reinsurers first, creating a potential premium and capacity opportunity for Saudi Re. No transaction-specific cession agreement with Saudi Re has been disclosed, so the effect remains indirect.

Essent Group Ltd., through its subsidiaries, provides private mortgage insurance and reinsurance, and title insurance and settlement services to mortgage lenders, borrowers, and investors in the United States. It operates through two segments, Mortgage Insurance and Reinsurance. The company’s mortgage insurance products include primary, pool, and master policy. It also provides information technology maintenance and development services; customer support-related services; underwriting consulting services to third-party reinsurers; and contract underwriting services, as well as credit risk management products. In addition, the company offers title insurance and settlement services; and title insurance underwriting services. It serves the originators of residential mortgage loans, such as regulated depository institutions, mortgage banks, credit unions, and other lenders. Essent Group Ltd. was founded in 2008 and is headquartered in Hamilton, Bermuda.

Operating across the United States, Radian Group Inc. and its various subsidiaries are key players in the mortgage and real estate services sector. Through its Mortgage segment, the company delivers crucial credit-related insurance, predominantly private mortgage insurance for primary residential loans. This division also furnishes a suite of credit risk management, contract underwriting, and fulfillment services. Its principal clientele includes a broad spectrum of mortgage originators, ranging from large mortgage and commercial banks to savings institutions, credit unions, and community banks. Radian's Homegenius segment provides an extensive array of services. These encompass comprehensive title services, such as both insured and uninsured title solutions, tax and title data management, centralized document recording, retrieval, and default curative actions, along with deed and property reports. Furthermore, it offers closing and settlement services, facilitating both electronic and traditional signings. The segment also specializes in real estate valuation and asset management. Complementing these offerings, Homegenius delivers advanced real estate technology products and services, including SaaS solutions, designed to streamline real estate transactions. This diverse segment caters to a wide base of clients, including individual consumers, mortgage lenders, various real estate investors, government-sponsored enterprises, and real estate brokers and agents. Established in 1977, Radian Group Inc. maintains its corporate headquarters in Wayne, Pennsylvania.

RLI Corp. is an insurance holding company that underwrites a comprehensive portfolio of property and casualty (P&C) insurance products, operating across the United States and internationally. Its business is primarily structured into three segments: The Casualty segment offers a diverse range of commercial and personal coverage. This includes general liability policies for commercial clients like manufacturers, contractors, apartments, and retail businesses, protecting them from third-party claims. It also provides specialized liability coverages for security guards, onshore energy-related operations, and environmental risks, such as underground storage tanks, asbestos removal, and remediation specialists. Professional liability (Errors & Omissions) insurance is tailored for small to medium-sized design, technical, computer, and various other professional firms. Furthermore, this segment provides commercial automobile liability and physical damage insurance for truckers (local, intermediate, and long-haul), public transportation entities, and other niche commercial auto risks. Additional offerings within Casualty encompass incidental and related insurance products, inland marine coverages, management liability (including Directors & Officers, fiduciary, and employment practice liability for public and private businesses), healthcare liability, and home business insurance. The Property segment provides a variety of property insurance solutions. This includes commercial property coverage, various marine insurance products (cargo, hull, protection and indemnity, marine liability, inland marine), homeowners' policies, dwelling fire insurance, and other property-related coverages. The Surety segment issues a range of surety bonds. These include commercial surety bonds designed for medium to large businesses, smaller bonds for individuals and businesses, and bonds specifically for small to medium-sized contractors. Beyond these direct insurance offerings, RLI Corp. also engages in underwriting various reinsurance coverages. The company distributes its products through a multi-channel network, which includes its own branch offices, brokers, carrier partners, and both underwriting and independent agents. RLI Corp. was established in 1965 and is headquartered in Peoria, Illinois.

Assured Guaranty Ltd., together with its subsidiaries, provides credit protection products to public finance and structured finance markets in the United States and internationally. It operates through Insurance and Asset Management segments. The company offers financial guaranty insurance that protects holders of debt instruments and other monetary obligations from defaults in scheduled payments. It also provides specialty insurance and reinsurance on transactions with risk profiles similar to those of its structured finance exposures written in financial guaranty form, as well as offers credit protection through reinsurance. In addition, the company insures and reinsures various the U.S. public finance obligations, such as general obligation, tax-backed bonds, municipal utility, transportation, healthcare, higher education, infrastructure, housing revenue, investor-owned utility, renewable energy, and other public finance bonds. Further, it involved in insuring and reinsuring of non-U.S. public finance obligations comprising regulated utilities, infrastructure finance, sovereign and sub-sovereign, renewable energy bonds, and pooled infrastructure obligations; and the U.S. and non-U.S. structured finance obligations, including residential mortgage-backed securities, life insurance transactions, pooled corporate obligations, and financial products. Additionally, the company offers specialty business, such as diversified real estate, insurance reserve financing and securitizations, pooled corporate obligations, and aircraft residual value insurance (RVI) transactions; and asset management services comprising investment advisory services. It markets its financial guaranty insurance directly to issuers and underwriters of public finance and structured finance securities, as well as to investors. Assured Guaranty Ltd. was incorporated in 2003 and is headquartered in Hamilton, Bermuda.

First American Financial Corporation (FAF) delivers financial services primarily through its diverse subsidiaries. The company's operations are divided into two main divisions: Title Insurance and Services, and Specialty Insurance. The Title Insurance and Services division is a prominent issuer of title insurance policies for both residential and commercial properties. Beyond core insurance, this segment provides a broad spectrum of related offerings aimed at streamlining real estate transactions and reducing associated risks. These include facilitating property closings and escrow, offering appraisals and other valuation tools, managing lien releases, providing document custody services, and engaging in warehouse lending. Additionally, it supports services related to mortgage subservicing, default management, and even banking, trust, and wealth management. The company also assists clients with tax-deferred real estate exchanges and maintains extensive databases of title information. Its services are accessible via company-owned offices and independent agents across nearly all U.S. states (49 states plus the District of Columbia), as well as internationally in locations such as Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, and South Korea. The Specialty Insurance division focuses on property and casualty coverage. It provides insurance for homeowners and renters, protecting them against liability and common hazards like fire, theft, vandalism, and various forms of property damage. This segment also offers residential service contracts, which cover the repair or replacement of crucial home systems—such as heating, air conditioning, and major appliances—if they malfunction due to normal use during the contract period. Founded in 1889, First American Financial Corporation is headquartered in Santa Ana, California.